WISPIT 2b: Newly Formed Planet in the Universe — Live Planet Formation Observed in Gas-Dust Disk

 

                       Astronomers captured WISPIT 2b, a young planet forming within its star’s gas-dust disk.            The first direct evidence of live planet formation in the universe.

Introduction: Witnessing a Planet Being Born

Stars are born daily in the universe, but witnessing a planet’s formation is extremely rare.

Astronomers recently discovered WISPIT 2b, a live protoplanet still forming within its star’s gas-dust disk. This is the first direct observation of a planet actively growing in its protoplanetary environment.

What is WISPIT 2b?

WISPIT 2b is a Gas Giant orbiting the young star WISPIT 2, which is only 5 million years old. The planet is embedded in a protoplanetary disk of gas and dust the birthplace of planets making it a live example of planet formation.

Planet Composition and Features

• Mass: ~5 times Jupiter
• Orbit: ~54 AU from its star (farther than Pluto in our solar system)
• Detection: Hydrogen-Alpha (Hα)*  imaging, revealing active accretion of gas and dust.

Hα (Hydrogen-Alpha) emission indicates hot gas being pulled onto the forming planet, confirming its growth phase.

             Discovery Method

WISPIT 2b was discovered using advanced telescopes like MagAO-X and the Very Large  Telescope (VLT).

Observations revealed:

• The planet moving along with its star
• Creation of gaps in surrounding disk rings
• These features confirm planet-disk interactions and directly support planet formation theories.

Planet-Disk Interaction

WISPIT 2b demonstrates how planets interact with surrounding gas and dust.

• Generates rings and gaps in the disk
• Facilitates formation of smaller secondary planets
• The system acts as a natural astrophysical laboratory, allowing direct observation of planet formation and disk evolution.

Comparison with Our Solar System

Like how Jupiter formed from gas and dust in our early solar system, WISPIT 2b illustrates the same formation process live. It helps scientists understand how Gas Giants form and their effect on other planets’ development.

Scientific Significance

• First direct evidence of live planet formation
• Critical for studying planet-disk interactions
• Tests planet formation models, including core accretion and gravitational instability

Conclusion

WISPIT 2b is more than a planet — it is a living witness to the birth of new worlds.

It illustrates how planets form in gas-dust disks and establish their orbital positions.

For astronomers, the WISPIT 2 system is a cosmic laboratory where creation can be observed in real time.

Footnote

*Hydrogen-Alpha (Hα) = Red light emitted by hydrogen atoms; used to identify hot gas, stars, nebulae, and forming planets.

Sharad Purnima – The Nectar of Moonlight and Indian Wisdom

 

Introduction

    In Indian culture, every festival and tradition is enriched with religious significance, scientific reasoning, and Ayurvedic wisdom. Sharad Purnima, also known as the full moon of the month of Ashwin (September–October), is one such unique celebration. On this night, the moon is said to shine in its full glory with all sixteen phases and comes closest to the Earth, making its moonlight especially significant.

Scientific and Ayurvedic Importance

    The essence of Sharad Purnima lies in seasonal transition. It marks the end of the monsoon and the onset of autumn (early winter). According to Ayurveda, the body accumulates pitta dosha (heat or bile imbalance) during the monsoon. With autumn’s lingering warmth and humidity, this pitta intensifies, often causing fever, acidity, and skin problems.

    To counter this, ancient traditions combined moonlight therapy with special foods. It is believed that the moon’s rays on Sharad Purnima carry healing properties or amrit tattva (nectar-like elements), which cool the body, ease burning sensations, and restore balance.

The Tradition of Moonlight-Infused Food

    On this night, people prepare milk with rice flakes or kheer and place it under the open sky in moonlight. Scientifically, milk contains lactic acid and rice holds starch, both of which can absorb the moon’s cooling energy. Consuming this moonlight-infused kheer the next morning enhances digestion, balances excess pitta, and boosts immunity. Additionally, storing it in silver vessels adds to its health benefits, as silver has natural antibacterial qualities.

Beyond Rituals

    Sharad Purnima is not just about Raslila or worshipping Goddess Lakshmi. It represents a profound blend of Indian wisdom, science, and Ayurveda. The festival teaches us the importance of adjusting diet and lifestyle according to seasonal changes to maintain health and harmony.

Conclusion

    Thus, Sharad Purnima is more than a festival—it is a reminder of holistic living. By combining spirituality, Ayurveda, and natural science, it continues to guide us towards physical well-being and inner balance.

Will Nuclear Bombs Save the Earth and the Moon?

 

                 Asteroid YR4: A Tiny Rock That Could Spark a Cosmic Crisis

A Small Discovery, Big Concerns

In December 2024, astronomers detected a small asteroid named YR4. At first glance, it seemed like just another space rock, but soon it sent shockwaves across the global scientific community. While it poses no immediate or direct threat to Earth, its potential long-term consequences have deeply worried NASA and other space agencies.

The greatest concern: asteroid YR4 has more than a 4% chance of colliding with the Moon in 2032. The number may look small, but the possible damage is so vast that scientists are considering an extreme defense — the detonation of nuclear weapons.

What If It Hits the Moon?

A lunar collision would not only scare the Moon’s surface but also create a chain reaction with far-reaching effects.

- The impact could hurl enormous amounts of lunar dust and rock fragments into space at incredible speed.

- Some of these debris could travel as far as Earth’s low orbit, where thousands of satellites, space stations, and ongoing missions operate.

- This debris cloud could fill near-Earth space with “space junk,” threatening the safety of current and future missions.

Artemis Mission at Risk

The timing couldn’t be worse. Around the same period, NASA plans to execute its ambitious Artemis Mission to return humans to the Moon.

- Researchers warn that if lunar dust spreads widely, the fine particles could damage spacecraft and astronaut suits.

- Even though there are no immediate plans for permanent lunar settlements, the success of Artemis and lunar rover missions could be put in jeopardy.

The Extreme Solution: Nuclear Defense

To prevent this disaster, NASA scientists and global research teams are seriously exploring a radical plan: blasting asteroid YR4 with a nuclear bomb.

- A detailed study of this proposal was published on the ArXiv preprint server.

- Experts say the ideal time to launch such a mission would be between 2029 and 2031.

- Even if YR4 does not strike the Moon, the mission could serve as a groundbreaking test for defending Earth from future asteroid threats.

Could It Hit Earth?

NASA’s Center for Near-Earth Object Studies (CNEOS) considers the chances of YR4 colliding with Earth to be extremely low. Still, the possibility cannot be dismissed.

- If YR4 were to strike Earth on December 23, 2032, it could unleash enough energy to wipe out an entire city.

- Such an impact could send 1,000 times more dust into the atmosphere, creating a meteor storm so rare that it might be seen only once in centuries.

Watching and Waiting

For now, scientists are keeping a close eye on asteroid YR4. The world now faces a profound question:

Will humanity take the nuclear option to shield the Moon, protect the Artemis Mission, and secure our cosmic neighborhood?

Or will we be forced to accept the unpredictable risks of nature’s fury?

The Sun – The Eternal Source of Life

 

                In the vast dark expanse of space, our Sun is not just a source of light and warmth for Earth, but the very breath of life itself. Since ancient times, humankind has worshipped it as a deity. Scholars and scientists have studied it for centuries, yet many mysteries of the Sun still remain unsolved. Rising in the east and setting in the west every day, this fiery sphere seems so natural that we can hardly imagine life without it even for a moment. However, during a total solar eclipse, when the Sun is hidden for just a few minutes, its true importance strikes the heart. The sky suddenly turns into night, stars sparkle, animals panic and scatter — and we realise that our very existence depends entirely on this blazing star.

                The Sun was born about 4.6 billion years ago. From a vast cloud of hydrogen and helium, a massive sphere was formed. Under tremendous pressure at its core, nuclear reactions ignited. Even today, every second, over 600 million tons of hydrogen turn into helium, and nearly 4 million tons of matter is converted into energy, radiating into space. Only a tiny fraction of that energy reaches Earth, yet it powers the oceans, the clouds, the growth of plants, and the breath of all living beings.

                  The Sun’s diameter is more than 1.3 million kilometres, meaning over a million Earths could fit inside it. Its surface temperature averages around 6,000°C, but its outer corona burns at millions of degrees — a paradox that still puzzles scientists. If the Sun were the size of a one-foot ball, Earth would be no bigger than a pea orbiting a hundred feet away, while Jupiter would appear like an orange half a kilometre away. This comparison shows how immense our star truly is.

              The Sun is never still. Explosions and fiery flares continuously erupt on its surface. In 1946, one such eruption shot flames as high as 1.6 million kilometres. Fiery arcs of gas race through space at speeds of hundreds of thousands of kilometres per second, sometimes lingering for weeks before being pulled back by gravity. These scenes reveal the Sun’s fury. Meanwhile, dark patches known as sunspots also appear. Though cooler than their surroundings, these spots can be much larger than Earth. Scientists have proven that sunspots follow an 11-year cycle — increasing and decreasing regularly. During periods of intense sunspot activity, solar flares and radiation increase as well, sometimes disrupting radio communications, reducing satellite efficiency, and even affecting Earth’s climate.

                  The Sun’s energy is not limited to light and heat. Every second, it hurls millions of tons of charged particles into space — this flow is called the solar wind. Earth’s magnetic field deflects most of these particles, but some enter near the poles. Colliding with nitrogen and oxygen molecules, they produce glowing lights — the magnificent auroras. In the north, this phenomenon is called Aurora Borealis (Northern Lights), and in the south, Aurora Australis (Southern Lights). These colorful curtains in the sky are nature’s breathtaking artistry.

                Though the Sun feels eternal, it too has a lifespan. So far, it has lived about half its life — another 5 billion years remain. Gradually, it will change. When its hydrogen runs out, the Sun will swell into a Red Giant. Its rays will shift from yellow to deep red, engulfing Mercury and Venus, and perhaps threatening Earth’s survival as well. Eventually, the Sun will shed its outer layers into space, leaving behind only a hot core — a White Dwarf. Over millions of years, even this remnant will cool and fade into a dark, lifeless stone.

Life Cycle of the Sun:

1. About 4.6 billion years ago, there was only a hydrogen cloud where the Sun now shines.

2. The cloud spun rapidly, forming a hydrogen sphere. Gravity pulled in more matter, creating immense pressure at the core, sparking nuclear fusion.

3. Gravity compressed the Sun further, fueling fusion reactions and increasing its brightness.

4. In about 5 billion years, hydrogen near the core will run out. Fusion will begin in the outer layers, and the Sun will expand into a Red Giant.

5. Eventually, the Sun’s outer gases will escape into space, leaving only the hot core behind — a White Dwarf.

6. Its rays will shift from yellow to orange, then to red. If any Earthly life exists then, it will see everything bathed in red light.

7. This will be the Sun’s final form as a Red Giant, having already swallowed Mercury and Venus.

            In time, it will lose its glow and turn black like burnt coal. With it, life on Earth will also end.

            This grand transformation lies about 5 billion years in the future. Across the universe, many stars are already undergoing this process — some becoming Red Giants, others fading into White Dwarfs, while some are already dead, like extinguished embers. Simultaneously, new stars are being born elsewhere. Thus, in the cosmos, creation and destruction never cease.

The Sun in Hindu Cosmology:

            In Hindu tradition and scriptures, the Sun holds a special place. It is not merely a star that gives light and heat, but is revered as the giver of life and the creator of time. The Sun is described as a symbol of vitality and spiritual power, worshipped in various forms as Surya Narayan, Aditya, and more. Daily salutations to the Sun, rituals of worship, and receiving its energy through sunlight are important practices in Hindu culture.

            The measurement of time in Hindu scriptures — day and night, months and years — is deeply connected to the Sun’s movement. Calendars, horoscopes, and festivals are determined by its position. The Sun’s rays bring energy, freshness, and harmony to mind, body, and spirit.

            Worship of the Sun is believed to have positive effects on physical, mental, and spiritual health. In Vedic rituals, Puranas, and various forms of worship, the Sun is central. In Hindu cosmology, it is not seen as just another star, but as a symbol of life, time, and dharma — a cosmic principle that guides both the universe and human existence.

 

 

 

 

The Birth of the Solar System: From Cosmic Dust to Planets

 

In the primitive age, even though cave-dwelling humans had no real knowledge of astronomy, once they learned how to think, their first curiosity arose about the Sun, planets, stars, and comets. They tried to understand the ever-changing map of the sky. As intelligence slowly blossomed, they began to reason and apply logic. This process never stopped, and in time it became possible to gain vast knowledge about space, from the Big Bang to black holes.

Thought is the true beginning. Once we begin to think, countless questions about the mysteries of the Universe arise in the mind, opening new directions for exploration. When we think about the birth of the Solar System (Galaxy), many questions arise naturally:

• In empty space, how and when did the Sun and planets come into being?
• Why are all the planets and the Sun spherical?
• Why do all planets revolve around the Sun continuously?
• If everything was created together, why does only the Sun shine like a star, while planets did not?
• Why are the inner planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars) solid, while the outer planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune) remain gaseous spheres?
• Why is there no planet between Mars and Jupiter, but instead a belt of countless asteroids?

Even the great scientists Galileo and Newton could not answer these questions. They were mainly observers of planetary motion in their own times. In 1610, Galileo used the telescope he built to observe Jupiter and its four large moons for the first time. In 1687, Newton explained the laws of planetary motion through his famous three Laws of Motion. Yet, neither could unravel the mystery of planetary formation.

                                                           

                       In 1755, the German philosopher Immanuel Kant, applying Newton’s law of gravity, suggested that billions of years ago, dust and gas particles in space collided and combined under gravity. Small clumps grew larger and eventually merged into planets. Kant’s hypothesis turned out to be correct. Over time, modern astronomers accepted it as a scientific theory. With further research, they reconstructed the birth of the Solar System step by step.

The sequence begins with the Big Bang, about 13–14 billion years ago, which gave birth to the Universe. After the explosion, the Universe was dark for ages because light had not yet been produced. Light could only emerge once stars were born. In short, the early Universe was starless. But the matter created by the Big Bang kept spreading everywhere. After millions of years, some regions of matter condensed into stars. Suddenly, like switching on a bulb in the pitch-dark night, light appeared for the first time, illuminating space. The first birth of light in the early Universe was a great miracle!

This miraculous process has continued ever since. One by one, stars kept forming—some small, some massive—but all glowing in space. As their numbers increased, they clustered into galaxies. In this process, our own galaxy, the Milky Way, was formed. At that time, however, the Solar System had not yet come into existence.

About 8 billion years into the Milky Way’s age, new stars were still forming. Clouds of gas and dust gradually lit up with the glow of these stars, creating the bright, milky bands across the sky.

                     The birth of our Solar System began when, nearly 5 billion years ago, a nearby massive star exploded as a supernova. Its material spread into space at nearly 12,000 km per second, shining brighter than millions of stars combined. That star met its end, but its shockwaves  rippled across many light years. Our Solar System’s raw material cloud was caught in this violent blast. Thus began a new chapter: the end of one star triggered the birth of another.

                        

The shock compressed the hydrogen gas and dust particles of the nebula, forcing them closer. Some regions swirled more intensely, forming a great rotating disk. At its center, matter accumulated under immense gravity, pressure, and heat. Temperatures rose to about 14 million °C, igniting nuclear fusion. Hydrogen atoms fused into helium, releasing enormous energy. Our Sun was born—a natural nuclear furnace glowing at the center of the Solar System.

Meanwhile, smaller clumps of matter continued forming in the surrounding disk. Dust and ice particles collided, sticking together to form rocks, then planetesimals, then larger planetary bodies. Near the Sun, high heat blew away light gases, leaving behind dense, rocky inner planets—Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. Farther away, the cold allowed gases to remain, and massive planets like Jupiter and Saturn captured enormous amounts of hydrogen and helium, becoming giant gas planets.

Between Mars and Jupiter, no planet could form because Jupiter’s strong gravity disrupted the accumulation of material. Instead, countless small bodies remained there—the Asteroid Belt.

Thus, through billions of years of cosmic processes, the Solar System we live in came into being.

Hiranyagarbha – The Cosmic Egg and the Mystery of Creation

 

Introduction

 The concept of Hiranyagarbha occupies a central place in early Vedic cosmology and later Hindu philosophical traditions. The term itself is composed of two Sanskrit words:

• Hiranya (हिरण्य) – meaning “golden,” “radiant,” or “shining.”
• Garbha (गर्भ) – meaning “womb,” “embryo,” or “seed.”

Together, Hiranyagarbha refers to the “golden womb” or “radiant embryo” from which the cosmos originated. It presents a profound metaphor of creation, emphasizing both light and gestation as foundational to existence.

 Hiranyagarbha in the Rigveda

 The earliest mention of Hiranyagarbha is found in Rigveda 10.121, often referred to as the Hiranyagarbha Sukta. The hymn addresses a primordial being before the universe’s manifestation:

“Hiranyagarbha has arisen; he rose in the beginning. He was the one lord of all that is created, the whole universe was under his control.”

This hymn portrays Hiranyagarbha as the first principle, floating in the cosmic waters before creation. He is presented as the source of life, the unifying principle, and the one who brings order out of primordial chaos.

The imagery of the golden egg—a sphere containing potentiality—resonates with other ancient cultures’ myths of creation through an egg or cosmic seed, suggesting that this archetype may reflect a deep human intuition about origins, light, and life’s gestation.

 The World Egg Motif Across Cultures

 The idea of creation from an egg or cosmic womb is not unique to Vedic thought. Similar motifs are found in:

• Greek Orphic tradition – the cosmic egg from which Phanes, the first god, emerged.
• Chinese mythology – the primordial giant Pangu hatching from an egg and shaping the world.
• Finnish Kalevala – the world created from a duck’s egg.
• Egyptian creation myths – a self-born sun god arising from an egg in the primordial waters.

The Vedic Hiranyagarbha, however, is more philosophical and metaphysical, expressing the interplay of consciousness, matter, and creation, rather than being merely a mythological tale

                                Later Interpretations in Hindu Thought

 1. Samkhya Philosophy – Purusha and Prakriti

The Samkhya school of thought interprets the embryonic creation metaphor through its dualistic framework:

• Purusha – pure consciousness or spirit.
• Prakriti – primordial nature, the material cause.

According to this view, the embryo of creation arises from the interaction between Purusha and Prakriti. Their union generates the first seed or womb, from which the cosmos and all beings emerge.

This interpretation emphasizes the metaphysical process rather than a literal form of creation.

 2. Brahma as the Creator

 In another tradition, Brahma, the creator god of the Hindu trinity (Trimurti), is described as emerging from the cosmic egg. Floating in the endless waters of chaos, Brahma takes birth from the Hiranyagarbha and proceeds to create the worlds, gods, and living beings. This myth portrays the embryo not merely as a seed but as the self-born creator—a personification of the creative power latent in existence.

 3. Hiranyagarbha Identified with Brahma

 Some texts go further and directly identify Hiranyagarbha with Brahma, suggesting that the golden womb is not merely a pre-cosmic principle but the divine intelligence that initiates creation.

Here, Hiranyagarbha is both the womb and the one who emerges from it, indicating a profound non-dual understanding where the source and the created universe are expressions of one reality.

  4.Upanishadic Interpretations

 The Upanishads, especially the Aitareya and Chandogya, build upon this concept by exploring the metaphysical aspects of creation:

• Consciousness manifests as life.
• The universe emerges from subtle principles.
• The cosmic being divides into many forms yet remains unified.

This lays the groundwork for later Vedantic thought, where Brahman, the supreme reality, transcends form yet appears as the universe

                                  The Symbolism of Hiranyagarbha

    The imagery of the golden womb is rich in symbolism:

1. Light and Radiance – Represents consciousness, awareness, and purity.
2. Embryo and Gestation – Symbolizes potentiality, growth, and unfolding of creation.
3. Unity and Source – Implies that all multiplicity originates from a singular, undivided source.
4. Cosmic Waters – Suggests a pre-creation state of dissolution, where all forms merge before taking shape.

It bridges the gap between theology, cosmology, and philosophy.

 Comparative Theology and Scientific Reflections

      In modern interpretations, Hiranyagarbha has been compared to:

• The Big Bang singularity, where the universe emerges from an initial state.
• Quantum vacuum fluctuations from which matter and energy arise.
• Philosophical inquiries into consciousness and existence.

While these comparisons remain metaphorical, they reflect humanity’s enduring attempt to understand how something arises from nothing.

 Conclusion

Hiranyagarbha is one of the most profound and ancient metaphors of creation. From its earliest mention in the Rigveda to its elaboration in philosophical schools and Puranic narratives, it conveys deep truths about origin, unity, and the interplay of consciousness and matter.

It stands not only as a mythological motif but as a spiritual, cosmological, and philosophical principle that continues to inspire inquiry across cultures, disciplines, and ages.

The golden womb is not merely an egg—it is the radiant mystery from which all life, worlds, and meaning arise.

Cosmic Secrets: Dark Matter Through Science and Vedic Philosophy

 What is Dark Matter?

                   Dark Matter is a mysterious form of matter that does not emit, absorb, or reflect light, meaning it does not interact with electromagnetic radiation. Hence, it cannot be observed directly. However, its existence is inferred through gravitational effects on visible matter, radiation, and the large-scale structure of the universe.

Modern cosmology suggests that:

- ~27% of the universe is Dark Matter.

- ~68% is Dark Energy.

- ~5% is ordinary matter (visible stars, gas, dust, planets).

Thus, the universe we see is only a small fraction of its true composition.

 Evidence for Dark Matter

a) Galaxy Rotation Curves: Stars at the edges of galaxies orbit faster than expected if only visible matter existed. Without extra unseen mass, these stars would fly apart. This indicates the presence of an invisible mass — Dark Matter — holding galaxies together.

b) Gravitational Lensing: Light from distant galaxies bends when passing near massive objects (galaxy clusters). The bending is stronger than visible matter alone can explain, proving the presence of unseen matter.

c) Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB): Fluctuations in the CMB, the relic radiation from the Big Bang, reveal that Dark Matter must exist to explain the growth of cosmic structures.

d) The Bullet Cluster: In a collision of two galaxy clusters, visible gas and stars separated from gravitational mass distribution. Gravitational effects peaked at locations where no visible matter was present — a strong indication of Dark Matter.

 Possible Candidates for Dark Matter Particles

WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles)- Heavy, weakly interacting, Searched for in detectors and colliders; no conclusive evidence yet

Axions | Hypothetical, extremely light particles- Still theoretical; experiments ongoing

Sterile Neutrinos- Do not interact via any known force except gravity,  Possible candidate, but evidence remains unclear

 Attempts to Detect Dark Matter

- Particle Accelerators (LHC, CERN): Search for creation of Dark Matter particles.

- Underground Detectors (Xenon1T, LUX): Designed to detect rare Dark Matter interactions with ordinary matter.

- Space Missions (AMS on ISS): Look for indirect signs of Dark Matter, such as excess cosmic rays or antimatter particles.

 Why is Dark Matter Important?

- Explains galaxy formation and stability.

- Provides missing mass needed for cosmic structure evolution.

- Could reveal new physics beyond the Standard Model.

Without Dark Matter, the universe would look drastically different — galaxies, stars, and clusters would not have formed as observed today.

 History of Discovery

- 1930s – Fritz Zwicky: Proposed unseen mass in Coma Cluster.

- 1970s – Vera Rubin: Observed anomalous galaxy rotation curves.

- 2000s – Modern surveys (CMB, Sloan Digital Sky Survey): Strong cosmological evidence for Dark Matter.

 Current Research Trends

Since no direct detection has succeeded, new models are being tested:

- Dark Photons

- Self-Interacting Dark Matter

- Ultra light Dark Matter

These aim to extend beyond traditional WIMP and axion theories.

 Hindu Cosmology and the Concept of the Invisible

Hindu cosmology describes both gross (sthula) and subtle (sukshma) realms of existence, which provides a philosophical parallel to Dark Matter.

- Avidya (Ignorance / Unseen Reality): Just as Dark Matter is unseen but influential, ignorance and unseen forces shape cosmic order.

- Guṇas (Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas):

   - Tamas (darkness, inertia) resembles hidden forces of binding.

   - Sattva and Rajas relate to visible activity and clarity.

- Tanmatras (Subtle Elements): The blueprint of the five great elements, invisible but foundational — like Dark Matter shaping cosmic structure.

- Akash (Space Element): Subtle, all-pervading, often compared with modern space-time fabric.

Symbolic Parallels:

- Dark Matter = Adrasya (Invisible Principle)

- Gravitational Binding ↔ Ṛta/Dharma (Cosmic Order)

- Lokas (Cosmic Realms) resemble invisible realms influencing existence, like Dark Matter’s unseen but real impact.

 Conclusion

Dark Matter remains one of the greatest mysteries of modern physics. Though invisible, its gravitational presence is undeniable. Just as Hindu cosmology accepts the subtle and unseen dimensions of reality, modern science recognizes that the universe is largely invisible, governed by forces and entities beyond direct human perception. The quest to understand Dark Matter may not only unlock new physics but also reveal profound philosophical insights about the hidden layers of existence.