The different types of measurements

The different types of measurements

0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00054	5.4 × 10-44	Planck Time (in seconds), the shortest meaningful interval of time, and the earliest time the known universe can be measured from.
0.000000000000000000000000000000000001616	1.616 × 10-35	Planck Length (in metres), the size of a hypothetical string. Lengths smaller than this are considered not make any physical sense in our current understanding of physics.
0.000000000000000000000000000000911	9.11 × 10-31	Approximate mass (in kilograms) of a stationary electron.
0.000000000000000000000000001	1 × 10-27	Approximate density (in kg/metre3) of the universe as a whole.
0.000000000000000000000000001673	1.673 × 10-27	Approximate mass (in kilograms) of a proton.
0.000000000000000000000000001675	1.675 × 10-27	Approximate mass (in kilograms) of a neutron.
0.000000000000000000000000005	5 × 10-27	Estimated critical density (in kg/metre3) of the universe, to allow a steady state between expansion and contraction (about 5 × 10-30 g/cm3).
0.00000000000000000000002	2 × 10-23	Effective radius (in metres) of a neutrino particle.
0.0000000000000000001602	1.602 × 10-19	Elementary charge (in Coulombs), i.e. the negative charge of a single electron, or the positive charge of a single proton.
0.00000000000000000052	5.2 × 10-19	Approximate energy (in Joules) of photons in visible light.
0.000000000000000001	1 × 10-18	Upper limit (in metres) on the size of the quark particles that make up protons and neutrons.
0.000000000000000001	1 × 10-18	Smallest object observable and measurable by current science.
0.00000000000000001	1 × 10-17	Approximate density (in kg/metre3) of the best vacuum achievable in a laboratory.
0.000000000000002818	2.818 × 10-15	Effective radius (in metres) of an electron according to classical theory.
0.00000000000001	1 × 10-14	Range (in metres) of the weak nuclear force within the nucleus.
0.00000000000008187	8.187 × 10-14	Rest mass-energy (in Joules) of an electron.
0.000000000001	1 × 10-12	Approximate mass (in kilograms) of the average human cell.
0.000000000005	5 × 10-12	Longest wavelength (in metres) of gamma rays.
0.000000000025	2.5 × 10-11	Radius (in metres) of a hydrogen atom.
0.0000000005972	5.972 × 10-10	Rest mass-energy (in Joules) of an alpha particle.
0.0000004	4 × 10-7	Approximate wavelength (in metres) of violet light, the shortest in the visible spectrum.
0.0000007	7 × 10-7	Approximate wavelength (in metres) of red light, the long in the visible spectrum.
0.007297	7.297 × 10-3	The fine-structure constant, α, measuring the electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles.
0.74	7.4 × 10-1	Proportion of all matter in the universe composed of hydrogen.
0	0 × 100	Temperature (in ° Kelvin) of absolute zero, the lowest possible temperature (equivalent to -273.15° Celsius).
1.48	1.48 × 100	Density (in kg/metre3) of Earth’s atmosphere at sea level.
2.725	2.725 × 100	Temperature (in ° Kelvin) of cosmic microwave background radiation.
3.14	3.14 × 100	Pi, the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter (more accurately 3.14159265358979323846...)
9.8	9.8 × 100	Strength of the gravitational field (in metres/second/second) at the Earth's surface.
92	9.2 × 101	Number of naturally occurring elements.
100	1 × 102	Wavelength (in metres) of the lowest shortwave radio frequency.
101	1.01 × 102	Standard atmospheric pressure (in kilopascals) for Earth at sea level.
331	3.31 × 102	Speed (in metres/second) of sound in air at sea level and 0°C.
464	4.64 × 102	Speed (in metres/second) of the Earth's rotation at the equator.
1,000	1 × 103	Density (in kg/metre3) of liquid water at 4°C.
1,366	1.366 × 103	Total solar radiation (in Joules) received from the Sun by one square metre of the Earth's surface per second.
5,780	5.78 × 103	Temperature (in ° Kelvin) of the surface of the Sun.
29,800	2.98 × 104	Speed (in metres/second) of the Earth in orbit around the Sun.
145,000	1.45 × 105	Ratio of the size of an atom of hydrogen to its nucleus (the ration of other more complex atoms is less).
150,000	1.5 × 105	Density (in kg/metre3) of the core of the Sun.
200,000	2 × 105	Speed (in metres/second) of the Solar System in orbit around the Milky Way galaxy.
552,000	5.52 × 105	Speed of the Milky Way galaxy, relative to the cosmic microwave background radiation.
3,474,000	3.474 × 106	Diameter (in metres) of the Moon.
12,756,000	1.2756 × 107	Equatorial diameter (in metres) of the Earth.
15,600,000	1.56 × 107	Temperature (in ° Kelvin) at the core of the Sun.
299,792,458	2.998 × 108	Speed (in metres/second) of light (or any electromagnetic radiation) in a vacuum.
384,000,000	3.84 × 108	Orbital distance (in metres) of the Moon from the Earth.
1,000,000,000	1 × 109	Approximate density (in kg/metre3) of white dwarf, or dead, stars.
1,390,000,000	1.39 × 109	Diameter (in metres) of the Sun (1.39 million kilometres).
10,000,000,000	1 × 1010	Temperature (in ° Kelvin) in a supernova explosion.
80,000,000,000	8 × 1010	Rough estimate of the number of stars in the Milky Way galaxy (estimates vary up to 4 × 1011).
150,000,000,000	1.5 × 1011	Mean distance (in metres) between the Earth and the Sun (150 million kilometres, or 1 Astronomical Unit).
380,000,000,000	3.8 × 1011	Pressure (in kilopascals) inside the core of the Earth.
900,000,000,000	9 × 1011	Estimated optical diameter (in metres) of Betelgeuse, a red supergiant star.
3,000,000,000,000	3 × 1012	Estimated optical diameter (in metres) of VY Canis Majoris, a red hypergiant and the largest known star (about 2,000 times the size of our Sun).
10,000,000,000,000	1 × 1013	Approximate diameter (in metres) of the Solar System (10 billion kilometres).
20,000,000,000,000	2 × 1013	Approximate density (in kg/metre3) of the universe at the electroweak epoch, about 10–12 seconds after the Big Bang.
90,000,000,000,000	9 × 1013	Theoretical total mass-energy (in Joules) of one gram of matter.
100,000,000,000,000	1 × 1014	Estimated number of cells in the human body (9 out of every 10 being bacteria cells).
9,460,000,000,000,000	9.46 × 1015	Distance (in metres) travelled by light in one year (1 light year or 9.46 trillion kilometres).
25,000,000,000,000,000	2.5 × 1016	Pressure (in kilopascals) inside the core of the Sun.
40,000,000,000,000,000	4 × 1016	Distance (in metres) to Proxima Centauri, the nearest star after the Sun (about 4.23 light years).
141,000,000,000,000,000	1.41 × 1017	Half-life (in seconds) of uranium (4.468 billion years).
200,000,000,000,000,000	2 × 1017	Density (in kg/metre3) of atomic nuclei and neutron stars.
432,000,000,000,000,000	4.32 × 1017	Estimated age (in seconds) of the universe, assuming 13.7 billion years since the Big Bang.
1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000	1 × 1021	Approximate diameter (in metres) of galactic disk of Milky Way galaxy (100,000 light years).
70,000,000,000,000,000,000,000	7 × 1022	Rough estimate of the number of stars in the observable universe (estimates vary from 1022 to 1024).
22,300,000,000,000,000,000,000	2.23 × 1022	Distance (in metres) to the Andromeda Galaxy, the nearest galaxy to our own (2.36 million light years).
2,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000	2 × 1024	Diameter (in metres) of the Virgo Supercluster, the cluster of galaxies which includes out own Local Group of galaxies (about 200 million light years).
6,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000	6 × 1024	Mass (in kilograms) of the Earth.
386,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000	3.86 × 1026	Total energy output (in Joules) of the Sun each second.
880,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000	8.8 × 1026	Approximate diameter (in metres) of the visible universe (93 billion light years).
1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000	1 × 1027	Temperature (in ° Kelvin) of the universe 10-35 seconds after the Big Bang, at the start of the inflationary epoch.
2,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000	2 × 1030	Mass (in kilograms) of the Sun (1 solar mass).
40,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000	4 × 1031	Mass (in kilograms) of Betelgeuse, a red supergiant star (about 20 solar masses).
141,700,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000	1.417 × 1032	Planck Temperature, the temperature (in ° Kelvin) of the universe at 1 Planck Time after the Big Bang.
10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000, 000,000	1 × 1040	Approximate ratio of the strength of the electromagentic to the gravitational force between sub-atomic particles.
36,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000, 000,000	3.6 × 1040	Mass (in kilograms) of OJ287, the largest measured supermassive black hole.
687,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000, 000,000	6.87 × 1041	Gravitational binding energy (in Joules) of the Sun.
120,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000, 000,000,000	1.2 × 1044	Estimated energy (in Joules) released in a supernova explosion.
30,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000, 000,000,000,000,000,000	3 × 1052	Estimated mass (in kilograms) of the observable universe.
4,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000, 000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000, 000	4 × 1069	Estimated total mass-energy (in Joules) of the observable universe.
100,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000, 000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000, 000,000,000	1 × 1080	Estimate the total number of fundamental particles in the observable universe (other estimates go up to 1085).
5,100,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000, 000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000, 000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000	5.1 × 1096	Planck density, the density (in kg/metre3) of the universe at one unit of Planck time after the Big Bang.