Hindu Cosmology – A Comprehensive View of the Universe and Existence

                                                      

          Introduction

Hindu cosmology is a description of the universe that encompasses the states of matter, cycles of time, physical structures, and the influence on living beings, as understood through Hindu scriptures. It is also connected with the concept of the Creator, who allows the universe to exist and take form.

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1. Cycles of Time

In Hinduism, time is considered cyclical rather than linear.

• Yugas: Satya Yuga, Treta Yuga, Dvapara Yuga, and Kali Yuga. Together, these four form one Maha Yuga (Great Age).
• Kalpa: A day of Brahma is called a Kalpa, which encompasses billions of years.

2. Structure of the Universe

According to Hindu texts, the universe consists of multiple realms:

• Upper realms – such as Svarga (heaven), Maharloka, Janaloka, Tapoloka, and Satyaloka.
• Middle realm – Earth (Bhuloka), where humans reside.
• Lower realms – such as Patala, Nagaloka, and others.

3. Creation and Dissolution

The beginning and end of the universe occur in a fixed cycle:

• Brahma creates the universe.
• Vishnu sustains or preserves it.
• Shiva dissolves the universe at intervals.
  This concept of the Trimurti represents the eternal cycles of the universe.

4. Soul, Karma, and Liberation

Hindu cosmology does not only focus on the physical universe but also on the journey of the soul.

• Every living being’s soul undergoes the cycle of birth and death based on karma.
• Upon attaining moksha (liberation), the soul is freed from this cycle.

Summary

Hindu cosmology is not just about the physical structure of the universe. It offers a holistic view that connects time, the soul, creation, dissolution, karma, and liberation to present a comprehensive understanding of existence.